[心得] 向cfront致敬,使用cfront來編譯 c++ 程式

看板C_and_CPP (C/C++)作者descent (「雄辯是銀，沉默是金」)時間7年前 (2018/03/30 18:23)推噓2(2推 0噓 5→)

留言7則, 5人參與討論串1/1

cfront 是幹麻的? c++ 程式員應該不陌生, 他是把 c++ 程式轉成 c, 再用 c 編譯器編譯出最後執行檔的轉譯程式。知道的 c++ 開發者應該很多, 但看過、甚至執行過 cfront 的人應該就很少了。我一直都在找 cfront 的 source code, 希望可以編譯/執行起來看看, 這樣可以很清楚的知道, virtual function, 繼承的 class, template 到底是怎麼轉成 c code 的, cfront 不支援 exception, 因為這功能複雜到超過 cfront 的能力了。 Cfront ( https://goo.gl/QBG1wn ) Cfront 4.0 was abandoned in 1993 after a failed attempt to add exception support.[1] The C++ language had grown beyond its capabilities Comeau C/C++ ( https://goo.gl/Ke3VUk ) 也可以做到類似的事情, 不過要錢, 沒免費版可以試用。這個https://goo.gl/q88bBk ( https://github.com/seyko2/cfront-3 ) 就是 cfront source code 了, 我想在 linux 下編譯, 之前嘗試過一次, 失敗了, 這次有新版再來挑戰一次, 向 bjarne stroustrup 博士致敬, 感謝他發明出 c++ 這麼複雜的語言, 整死開發 c++ 編譯器的開發人員, 當然還有學習 c++ 的程式員。我修改過的版本在https://goo.gl/1AN3pp ( https://github.com/descent/cfront-3 ), 切到 can_build_in_linux branch 即可, 你得先會用 git 才行, 好吧! git checkout can_build_in_linux 就可以了。 Makefile 1 #Makefile for the CC translator 2 # BSD 4.2 or later should first run bsd.sed in the scratch directory 3 # and set CCFLAGS=-DBSD 4 # also set BSD=1 5 6 CCFLAGS=-Os 7 scratchCC ?= gcc 8 9 BSD= 10 PATH:=$(CURDIR):$(PATH) 11 12 #For first make (bootstrap): 13 # make scratch #on system V, BSD 4.1 or earlier 14 #Otherwise: 15 # make 16 # 17 18 CC = CC 19 20 all: libC.a munch cfront 21 : 22 23 libC.a: always 24 cd lib/mk; $(MAKE) CC=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" BSD=$(BSD) 25 mv lib/mk/libC.a . 26 27 munch: _munch/munch.c 28 cc -o munch _munch/munch.c 29 30 cfront: always 31 cd src; $(MAKE) CXX=$(CC) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" 32 mv src/cfront cfront 33 34 scratch: always 35 cd scratch; $(MAKE) CC=$(scratchCC) BSD=$(BSD) CCFLAGS="$(CCFLAGS)" 36 37 #This target will populate the scratch directories with good-old-c 38 #files. This is used to port to another machine. 39 40 fillscratch: 41 make -C src szal.result y.tab.C yystype.h 42 cp src/_stdio.c scratch/src/ 43 cd scratch/src; $(CC) -I../../src -I../../incl -Fc -..c ../../src/*.C; 44 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c ../../lib/new/*.C 45 cd scratch/lib; $(CC) -I../../lib/complex -I../../incl -Fc -..c ../../lib/static/*.C 46 cp _munch/*.c scratch/mnch/ 47 48 always: Makefile L20 all: libC.a munch cfront 總共有 3 個部份要編譯, libC.a, munch, cfront 我分 3 次手動編譯: libC.a cd lib/mk make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -I../../incl-master/incl-linux32/" 也可以用 cfront 編譯, 不過先要編出 cfront 才行, CC3 就會使用 cfront 來編譯。後面會提到怎麼使用 cfront 編譯出一個可以執行的檔案, 這邊的 libC.a 就需要用 cfront 來編譯, 否則會有奇怪的 link 錯誤。編出 cfront 之後 (需要複製到 cfront-3 目錄下), 在 cfront-3 目錄下打 make libC.a 即可。 munch 使用 cfront 編譯時, 需要用到的一個工具程式。 gcc -o munch _munch/munch.c 這麼簡單, 不需要說明, 這是 .c 不用出動 cfront。 cfront 編譯 cfront 會用到 yacc, can_build_in_linux branch 除了修改程式碼與編譯參數, 還有 yacc 需要改為使用 byacc (Berkeley YACC, 修改 Makefile), 使用 apt-get 來安裝 byacc。 apt-get install byacc bison 會有以下錯誤訊息: bison.err 1 gram.y:2340.31-32: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no declared type 2 | ID COLON { $$ = $1; stmt_seen=1; } caselab_stmt 3 ^^ 4 gram.y:2344.34-35: error: $$ for the midrule at $3 of ‘statement’ has no declared type 5 | TNAME COLON { $$ = new name($<pn>1->string); stmt_seen=1; } caselab_stmt 6 ^^ 編譯指令: cd src make CC=gcc CCFLAGS="-Os -fpermissive -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/" 看到以下錯誤免著驚, 這是藥氣等待行, cfront 其實已經編譯出來了。 g++ -o cfront Bits.o alloc.o block.o dcl.o dcl2.o dcl3.o dcl4.o del.o discrim.o error.o expand.o expr.o expr2.o expr3.o find.o hash.o lalex.o lex.o main.o norm.o norm2.o print.o print2.o repr.o simpl.o simpl2.o size.o table.o template.o tree_copy.o tree_walk.o typ.o typ2.o y.tab.o _stdio.o Makefile:23: recipe for target 'cfront' failed make: [cfront] Error 1 (ignored) cp cfront .. cfront 編好了。也可以用 cfront 編譯 cfront 自己, 不過先要編出 cfront 才行, CC3 就會使用 cfront 來編譯, 不過有些問題, 得手動修改, 我懶的改, 沒成功用 cfront 編譯 cfront 自己。終於 build 出來了, 執行一下, 感動阿! run cfront 1 descent@debian64:cfront-3$ ./cfront 2 # 1 "" 3 4 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */ 5 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx; 用 cfont 編譯 demo/hello/hello.C demo/hello/hello.C 1 #include <stream.h> 2 3 main() 4 { 5 cout << "Hello, World!\n"; 6 } 有點難度, 步驟如下: cp hello.C incl-master/incl-linux32 gcc -I. -E hello.C > hh.c ../../cfront < hh.c > h3.c 有沒很感動, 輸出一個 c 的 c++ 程式, bjarne 有你的。 h3.c 1 # 1 "" 2 3 /* <<AT&T C++ Language System <3.0.3> 05/05/94>> */ 4 char __cfront_version_303_xxxxxxxx; 5 6 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a" 7 8 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a" 9 10 # 1 "" 11 char *__vec_new (); 12 13 # 1 "" 14 char __vec_delete (); 15 typedef int (*__vptp)(); 16 struct __mptr {short d; short i; __vptp f; }; 17 18 # 1 "" 19 extern struct __mptr* __ptbl_vec___[]; 20 21 # 1 "" 22 23 # 49 "./iostream.h" 24 typedef long streampos ; 25 typedef long streamoff ; 26 enum __Q2_3ios8io_state { goodbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 0, eofbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 1, failbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 2, badbit__Q2_3ios8io_state = 4, hardfail__Q2_3ios8io_state = 128} ; 27 enum __Q2_3ios9open_mode { in__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 1, out__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 2, ate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 4, app__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 8, trunc__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 16, nocreate__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 32, noreplace__Q2_3ios9open_mode = 64} ; 28 enum __Q2_3ios8seek_dir { beg__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 0, cur__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 1, end__Q2_3ios8seek_dir = 2} ; 29 enum __Q2_3ios4__E1 { skipws__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1, left__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2, right__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4, internal__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8, dec__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16, oct__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 32, hex__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 64, showbase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 128, showpoint__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 256, uppercase__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 512, showpos__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 1024, scientific__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 2048, fixed__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 4096, unitbuf__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 8192, 30 # 54 "./iostream.h" 31 stdio__Q2_3ios4__E1 = 16384} ; 32 enum __Q2_3ios4__E2 { skipping__Q2_3ios4__E2 = 512, tied__Q2_3ios4__E2 = 1024} ; 33 struct ios { /* sizeof ios == 88 */ 34 35 # 153 "./iostream.h" 36 int nuser__3ios ; 37 38 # 155 "./iostream.h" 39 union ios_user_union *x_user__3ios ; 40 41 # 162 "./iostream.h" 42 struct streambuf *bp__3ios ; 43 44 # 168 "./iostream.h" 45 int state__3ios ; 46 int ispecial__3ios ; 47 int ospecial__3ios ; 48 int isfx_special__3ios ; 49 int osfx_special__3ios ; 50 int delbuf__3ios ; 51 struct ostream *x_tie__3ios ; 52 long x_flags__3ios ; 53 short x_precision__3ios ; 54 char x_fill__3ios ; 55 short x_width__3ios ; 56 57 # 186 "./iostream.h" 58 int assign_private__3ios ; 59 60 # 193 "./iostream.h" 61 struct __mptr *__vptr__3ios ; 62 }; 63 64 # 84 "./iostream.h" 65 extern long basefield__3ios ; 66 67 # 86 "./iostream.h" 68 extern long adjustfield__3ios ; 69 70 # 88 "./iostream.h" 71 extern long floatfield__3ios ; 72 73 # 150 "./iostream.h" 74 extern long nextbit__3ios ; 75 extern long nextword__3ios ; 76 77 # 180 "./iostream.h" 78 extern char (*stdioflush__3ios )(); 79 80 # 195 "./iostream.h" 81 struct streambuf { /* sizeof streambuf == 80 */ 82 short alloc__9streambuf ; 83 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ; 84 char *x_base__9streambuf ; 85 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ; 86 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ; 87 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ; 88 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ; 89 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ; 90 char *x_eback__9streambuf ; 91 int x_blen__9streambuf ; 92 93 # 370 "./iostream.h" 94 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ; 95 }; 96 97 # 1 "" 98 extern char __dl__FPv (); 99 100 # 246 "./iostream.h" 101 102 # 255 "./iostream.h" 103 int doallocate__9streambufFv (); 104 105 # 258 "./iostream.h" 106 int underflow__9streambufFv (); 107 108 # 369 "./iostream.h" 109 int x_snextc__9streambufFv (); 110 111 # 259 "./iostream.h" 112 int pbackfail__9streambufFi (); 113 114 # 257 "./iostream.h" 115 int overflow__9streambufFi (); 116 117 # 24 "./string.h" 118 extern char *memcpy (); 119 120 # 229 "./iostream.h" 121 122 # 265 "./iostream.h" 123 int xsputn__9streambufFPCci (); 124 125 # 234 "./iostream.h" 126 127 # 266 "./iostream.h" 128 int xsgetn__9streambufFPci (); 129 130 # 372 "./iostream.h" 131 struct istream { /* sizeof istream == 112 */ 132 133 # 493 "./iostream.h" 134 int x_gcount__7istream ; 135 136 # 503 "./iostream.h" 137 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ; 138 struct ios *Pios; 139 struct ios Oios; 140 }; 141 142 # 489 "./iostream.h" 143 int do_ipfx__7istreamFi (); 144 145 # 298 "./iostream.h" 146 147 # 302 "./iostream.h" 148 149 # 418 "./iostream.h" 150 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRUc (); 151 152 # 298 "./iostream.h" 153 154 # 302 "./iostream.h" 155 156 # 419 "./iostream.h" 157 struct istream *rs_complicated__7istreamFRc (); 158 159 # 429 "./iostream.h" 160 struct istream *get__7istreamFPcic (); 161 162 # 298 "./iostream.h" 163 164 # 292 "./iostream.h" 165 166 # 436 "./iostream.h" 167 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRUc (); 168 169 # 298 "./iostream.h" 170 171 # 292 "./iostream.h" 172 173 # 437 "./iostream.h" 174 struct istream *get_complicated__7istreamFRc (); 175 176 # 377 "./iostream.h" 177 178 # 292 "./iostream.h" 179 180 # 163 "./iostream.h" 181 182 # 377 "./iostream.h" 183 184 # 281 "./iostream.h" 185 186 # 480 "./iostream.h" 187 struct istream *read__7istreamFPci (); 188 189 # 260 "./iostream.h" 190 int sync__9streambufFv (); 191 192 # 505 "./iostream.h" 193 struct ostream { /* sizeof ostream == 104 */ 194 195 # 610 "./iostream.h" 196 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ; 197 struct ios *Pios; 198 struct ios Oios; 199 }; 200 201 # 601 "./iostream.h" 202 int do_opfx__7ostreamFv (); 203 char do_osfx__7ostreamFv (); 204 205 # 538 "./iostream.h" 206 struct ostream *complicated_put__7ostreamFc (); 207 208 # 324 "./iostream.h" 209 210 # 163 "./iostream.h" 211 212 # 568 "./iostream.h" 213 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFc (); 214 215 # 324 "./iostream.h" 216 217 # 163 "./iostream.h" 218 219 # 569 "./iostream.h" 220 struct ostream *ls_complicated__7ostreamFUc (); 221 222 # 324 "./iostream.h" 223 224 # 163 "./iostream.h" 225 226 # 572 "./iostream.h" 227 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFi (); 228 229 # 329 "./iostream.h" 230 231 # 163 "./iostream.h" 232 233 # 589 "./iostream.h" 234 235 # 612 "./iostream.h" 236 struct iostream { /* sizeof iostream == 128 */ 237 238 # 493 "./iostream.h" 239 int x_gcount__7istream ; 240 241 # 503 "./iostream.h" 242 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ; 243 struct ios *Pios; 244 struct ostream Oostream; 245 }; 246 247 # 620 "./iostream.h" 248 struct istream_withassign { /* sizeof istream_withassign == 112 */ 249 250 # 493 "./iostream.h" 251 int x_gcount__7istream ; 252 253 # 503 "./iostream.h" 254 struct __mptr *__vptr__7istream ; 255 struct ios *Pios; 256 struct ios Oios; 257 }; 258 259 # 644 "./iostream.h" 260 extern struct istream_withassign cin ; 261 262 # 628 "./iostream.h" 263 struct ostream_withassign { /* sizeof ostream_withassign == 104 */ 264 265 # 610 "./iostream.h" 266 struct __mptr *__vptr__7ostream ; 267 struct ios *Pios; 268 struct ios Oios; 269 }; 270 271 # 645 "./iostream.h" 272 extern struct ostream_withassign cout ; 273 extern struct ostream_withassign cerr ; 274 extern struct ostream_withassign clog ; 275 276 # 657 "./iostream.h" 277 struct Iostream_init { /* sizeof Iostream_init == 1 */ 278 279 # 657 "./iostream.h" 280 char __W23__13Iostream_init ; 281 }; 282 283 # 658 "./iostream.h" 284 extern int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ; 285 extern int initcount__13Iostream_init ; 286 287 # 663 "./iostream.h" 288 char __dt__13Iostream_initFv (); 289 290 # 662 "./iostream.h" 291 struct Iostream_init *__ct__13Iostream_initFv (); 292 293 # 664 "./iostream.h" 294 static struct Iostream_init iostream_init ; 295 296 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a" 297 298 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a" 299 300 #pragma lib "ape/libap.a" 301 302 #pragma lib "c++/libC.a" 303 304 # 20 "./generic.h" 305 typedef int (*GPT )(); 306 307 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 308 struct smanip_int { /* sizeof smanip_int == 16 */ 309 310 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 311 struct ios *(*fct__10smanip_int )(); 312 313 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 314 int arg__10smanip_int ; 315 }; 316 317 # 1 "" 318 extern char *__nw__FUl (); 319 320 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 321 struct sapply_int { /* sizeof sapply_int == 8 */ 322 323 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 324 struct ios *(*fct__10sapply_int )(); 325 }; 326 327 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 328 struct imanip_int { /* sizeof imanip_int == 16 */ 329 330 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 331 struct istream *(*fct__10imanip_int )(); 332 333 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 334 int arg__10imanip_int ; 335 }; 336 337 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 338 struct iapply_int { /* sizeof iapply_int == 8 */ 339 340 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 341 struct istream *(*fct__10iapply_int )(); 342 }; 343 344 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 345 struct omanip_int { /* sizeof omanip_int == 16 */ 346 347 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 348 struct ostream *(*fct__10omanip_int )(); 349 350 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 351 int arg__10omanip_int ; 352 }; 353 354 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 355 struct oapply_int { /* sizeof oapply_int == 8 */ 356 357 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 358 struct ostream *(*fct__10oapply_int )(); 359 }; 360 361 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 362 struct iomanip_int { /* sizeof iomanip_int == 16 */ 363 364 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 365 struct iostream *(*fct__11iomanip_int )(); 366 367 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 368 int arg__11iomanip_int ; 369 }; 370 371 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 372 struct ioapply_int { /* sizeof ioapply_int == 8 */ 373 374 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 375 struct iostream *(*fct__11ioapply_int )(); 376 }; 377 378 # 112 "./iomanip.h" 379 380 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 381 struct smanip_long { /* sizeof smanip_long == 16 */ 382 383 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 384 struct ios *(*fct__11smanip_long )(); 385 386 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 387 long arg__11smanip_long ; 388 }; 389 390 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 391 struct sapply_long { /* sizeof sapply_long == 8 */ 392 393 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 394 struct ios *(*fct__11sapply_long )(); 395 }; 396 397 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 398 struct imanip_long { /* sizeof imanip_long == 16 */ 399 400 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 401 struct istream *(*fct__11imanip_long )(); 402 403 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 404 long arg__11imanip_long ; 405 }; 406 407 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 408 struct iapply_long { /* sizeof iapply_long == 8 */ 409 410 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 411 struct istream *(*fct__11iapply_long )(); 412 }; 413 414 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 415 struct omanip_long { /* sizeof omanip_long == 16 */ 416 417 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 418 struct ostream *(*fct__11omanip_long )(); 419 420 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 421 long arg__11omanip_long ; 422 }; 423 424 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 425 struct oapply_long { /* sizeof oapply_long == 8 */ 426 427 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 428 struct ostream *(*fct__11oapply_long )(); 429 }; 430 431 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 432 struct iomanip_long { /* sizeof iomanip_long == 16 */ 433 434 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 435 struct iostream *(*fct__12iomanip_long )(); 436 437 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 438 long arg__12iomanip_long ; 439 }; 440 441 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 442 struct ioapply_long { /* sizeof ioapply_long == 8 */ 443 444 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 445 struct iostream *(*fct__12ioapply_long )(); 446 }; 447 448 # 113 "./iomanip.h" 449 450 # 10 "./stdio.h" 451 typedef char *va_list ; 452 453 # 118 "./stdio.h" 454 extern char *sys_errlist []; 455 extern int sys_nerr ; 456 extern unsigned char *_bufendtab []; 457 458 # 22 "./stdiostream.h" 459 struct stdiobuf { /* sizeof stdiobuf == 96 */ 460 461 # 196 "./iostream.h" 462 short alloc__9streambuf ; 463 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ; 464 char *x_base__9streambuf ; 465 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ; 466 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ; 467 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ; 468 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ; 469 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ; 470 char *x_eback__9streambuf ; 471 int x_blen__9streambuf ; 472 473 # 370 "./iostream.h" 474 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ; 475 476 # 36 "./stdiostream.h" 477 struct _iobuf *fp__8stdiobuf ; 478 int last_op__8stdiobuf ; 479 char buf__8stdiobuf [2]; 480 }; 481 482 # 21 "./fstream.h" 483 struct filebuf { /* sizeof filebuf == 120 */ 484 485 # 196 "./iostream.h" 486 short alloc__9streambuf ; 487 short x_unbuf__9streambuf ; 488 char *x_base__9streambuf ; 489 char *x_pbase__9streambuf ; 490 char *x_pptr__9streambuf ; 491 char *x_epptr__9streambuf ; 492 char *x_gptr__9streambuf ; 493 char *x_egptr__9streambuf ; 494 char *x_eback__9streambuf ; 495 int x_blen__9streambuf ; 496 497 # 370 "./iostream.h" 498 struct __mptr *__vptr__9streambuf ; 499 500 # 45 "./fstream.h" 501 int xfd__7filebuf ; 502 int mode__7filebuf ; 503 char opened__7filebuf ; 504 streampos last_seek__7filebuf ; 505 char *in_start__7filebuf ; 506 507 # 51 "./fstream.h" 508 char lahead__7filebuf [2]; 509 }; 510 511 # 23 "./fstream.h" 512 extern int openprot__7filebuf ; 513 514 # 54 "./fstream.h" 515 struct fstreambase { /* sizeof fstreambase == 224 */ 516 517 # 72 "./fstream.h" 518 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ; 519 520 # 75 "./fstream.h" 521 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ; 522 struct ios *Pios; 523 struct ios Oios; 524 }; 525 526 # 87 "./fstream.h" 527 528 # 70 "./fstream.h" 529 530 # 141 "./iostream.h" 531 532 # 70 "./fstream.h" 533 534 # 77 "./fstream.h" 535 struct ifstream { /* sizeof ifstream == 248 */ 536 537 # 72 "./fstream.h" 538 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ; 539 540 # 75 "./fstream.h" 541 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ; 542 struct ios *Pios; 543 struct istream Oistream; 544 }; 545 546 # 102 "./fstream.h" 547 548 # 70 "./fstream.h" 549 550 # 141 "./iostream.h" 551 552 # 70 "./fstream.h" 553 554 # 92 "./fstream.h" 555 struct ofstream { /* sizeof ofstream == 240 */ 556 557 # 72 "./fstream.h" 558 struct filebuf buf__11fstreambase ; 559 560 # 75 "./fstream.h" 561 struct __mptr *__vptr__11fstreambase ; 562 struct ios *Pios; 563 struct ostream Oostream; 564 }; 565 566 # 117 "./fstream.h" 567 568 # 70 "./fstream.h" 569 570 # 141 "./iostream.h" 571 572 # 70 "./fstream.h" 573 574 # 53 "./stream.h" 575 576 # 54 "./stream.h" 577 578 # 55 "./stream.h" 579 580 # 56 "./stream.h" 581 582 # 57 "./stream.h" 583 584 # 58 "./stream.h" 585 586 # 59 "./stream.h" 587 588 # 60 "./stream.h" 589 590 # 62 "./stream.h" 591 typedef int state_value ; 592 593 # 571 "./iostream.h" 594 struct ostream *__ls__7ostreamFPCc (); 595 596 # 3 "hello.C" 597 int main (){ _main(); 598 # 4 "hello.C" 599 { 600 # 5 "hello.C" 601 __ls__7ostreamFPCc ( (struct ostream *)(& cout ), (char *)"Hello, World!\n") ; 602 } 603 } 604 # 6 "hello.C" 605 char __sti___main_ () 606 # 664 "./iostream.h" 607 { __ct__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init ) ; 608 609 # 664 "./iostream.h" 610 } 611 612 # 6 "hello.C" 613 char __std___main_ () 614 # 664 "./iostream.h" 615 { __dt__13Iostream_initFv ( & iostream_init , 2) ; 616 617 # 664 "./iostream.h" 618 } 619 620 # 23 "./fstream.h" 621 int openprot__7filebuf ; 622 623 # 56 "./iostream.h" 624 625 # 659 "./iostream.h" 626 int initcount__13Iostream_init ; 627 628 # 658 "./iostream.h" 629 int stdstatus__13Iostream_init ; 630 631 # 180 "./iostream.h" 632 char (*stdioflush__3ios )(); 633 634 # 151 "./iostream.h" 635 long nextword__3ios ; 636 637 # 150 "./iostream.h" 638 long nextbit__3ios ; 639 640 # 88 "./iostream.h" 641 long floatfield__3ios ; 642 643 # 86 "./iostream.h" 644 long adjustfield__3ios ; 645 646 # 84 "./iostream.h" 647 long basefield__3ios ; 648 649 # 6 "hello.C" 650 651 /* the end */ 只有這樣還不能滿足吧, 希望可以讓這個 c 檔案透過 gcc 編譯出可執行檔案, 這就會需要那個 libC.a 了, cout 在 libC.a 中。上面那個是我自己亂試的, 後來我參考了 cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh, 知道整個使用 cfront 的編譯步驟。 cfront-3/demo/hello/hello.sh 1 #!/bin/sh 2 3 # manual steps to compile a program 4 # http://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/tinycc-devel/2014-12/binCQHJXV7ywM.bin 5 # 6 # The CC script now work. 7 # Anyway, here is how to compile a C++ file manually 8 9 10 D=../.. 11 12 if [ ! -x ${D}/cfront ]; then 13 echo "error: cfront compiler not found" 14 exit 15 fi 16 17 cpp -I${D}/incl hello.C > hello.i # run preprocessor 18 ${D}/cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # run cfront 19 cc hello..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello.tmp # compile and link plain C 20 21 # For static con/destructors, the nm/munch thingy is needed 22 23 nm hello.tmp | ${D}/munch > hello.cdts..c # run mn against linked binary and filter 24 cc hello..c hello.cdts..c ${D}/libC.a -o hello # compile and link again 25 26 ./hello 我們來看看怎麼編譯在平常不過的 hello world c++ 程式。 hello.C 1 #include <stream.h> 2 3 main() 4 { 5 cout << "Hello, World!\n"; 6 } 在 cfront-3 目錄中執行: cpp -Iincl-master/incl-linux32/ hello.C > hello.i # 處理 header files ./cfront +a1 +L +fhello.C < hello.i > hello..c # 將 cpp 檔 (.C) 轉成 .c 檔 gcc hello..c ./libC.a -o hello.tmp # 不知道 nm hello.tmp | ./munch > hello.cdts..c # 不知道 gcc hello..c hello.cdts..c ./libC.a -o hello # 輸出可執行檔 ./hello # 執行看到印出來的 Hello, World 真是感動。用 cfront 編譯 alloc.C 遇到的問題: CC3 L608 eval 'gcc -Du3b -U__GNUC__ -D__cfront__ -D__cplusplus=1 -D__signed__= -D__null=0 -E' ' -I../incl-master/incl-linux32/ -D__CFRONT_ANSI_OPT' '-Dc_plusplus=1' '-D__cplusplus=1' '' ' -I/media/work/git/cfront-3/incl' 'alloc.C' \>/media/work/git/cfront-3/tmpdir/CC.25638/cpptmp // 本文使用 Blog2BBS 自動將Blog文章轉成縮址的BBS純文字 http://goo.gl/TZ4E17 // blog 原文: https://goo.gl/D4rL7L -- 紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 101.9.128.213 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/C_and_CPP/M.1522405389.A.61B.html

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fatrabitree

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